History Timeline
Year | Event |
---|---|
1421 | Henry VI born |
1422 | Henry V dies |
1423 | Gloucester is named Lord Protector (Gloucester marries Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut) |
1424 | Richard Plantagenet (age 13) is betrothed to Cecily Neville (age 9) by Ralph Neville (Earl of Westmoreland) |
1426 | Beaufort becomes Cardinal |
1428 | Gloucester’s marriage to Jacqueline is annulled Richard Neville born to Richard Neville (Salisbury) |
1429 | Gloucester ceases being Lord Protector |
1430 | Margaret of Anjou born |
1431 | Gloucester marries Eleanor Cobham |
1432 | Plantagenet is granted Duke of York |
1441 | Eleanor Cobham is convicted of witchcraft; marriage to Gloucester annulled; Cobham exiled and imprisoned |
1442 | Edward, son to Richard Duke of York, is born; later Edward IV |
1443 | Eleanor dies in exile on the Isle of Man Edmund, son to Richard Duke of York, is born |
1444 | Treaty of Tours (Henry VI marriage agreement urged by Cardinal Beaufort and Suffolk); ten year truce announced |
1445 | Henry VI marries Margaret |
1447 | Parliament at Bury: Gloucester arrested for treason (February 11) Gloucester dies (February 28) Winchester dies (April 11) York ordered to Ireland to fight rebellion |
1448 | Suffolk upgraded from Earl to Duke |
1449 | York sails for Ireland to fight rebellion George, son to Richard Duke of York, is born |
1450 | Richard Neville the younger named Earl of Warwick Commoners demand Suffolk’s arrest (January); Suffolk arrested (March 17) and banished (must leave by May 1) Suffolk taken into custody while sailing from England (May 1); executed (May 5) at age 54 Cade’s Rebellion (June); Staffords killed in battle; Cade invades London without bloodshed Cade captured and killed (July 12) York returns from Ireland (September) |
1452 | Richard, son to Richard Duke of York, is born; later Richard III York disbands his army York arrested (March 10), but immediately pardoned |
1453 | King Henry suffers nervous breakdown (August; following Talbot’s defeat at Castillon, ending the Hundred Years War) Queen Margaret gives birth to Edward (October) York demands Somerset’s arrest; Somerset arrested |
1454 | Parliament opened by York (February) York appointed Protector of the Realm (March 27) Henry regains senses (December) |
1455 | York resigns as Protector of the Realm (January) Somerset released from prison Battle of Saint Albans (May 22), the first open conflict of the War of the Roses |
Military Timeline
Year | Event |
---|---|
1429 | Charles VII crowns self King of France |
1436 | French take Paris Henry VI names York (Plantagenet) named Lieutenant (Regent) of France |
1437 | York asks to be recalled from France |
1440 | York is renamed as Lieutenant (Regent) of France Charles of Orleans released from custody over Gloucester’s objections |
1449 | French retake Rouen |
1450 | French defeat English at Formigny |
1451 | French take Bordeaux |
1453 | Talbot and son (ages 63 and 30, respectively) are defeated and killed at Battle of Castillon (Bordeaux), ending English rule of Gascony, effectively ending the Hundred Years War |
1455 | Battle of St. Albans (beginning of War of Roses) |